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This commit is contained in:
@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ draft: true
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slug: "00I"
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---
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### 创建实例
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- 在[CLab官网](clab.pku.edu.cn)登录你的校园网账号。
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- 在[CLab官网](https://clab.pku.edu.cn/)登录你的校园网账号。
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- 按照以下配置进行设置:
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- 基础配置:
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- 可用域:`nova`;
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- 规格:`x86架构`-`playgrounds`-`p4`;
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> 这个规格是基于AMD EPYC 7773X虚拟化而来的4个vCPU+4GB内存。
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- 启动源:`镜像`;
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- 操作系统:`其他`-`Hyper-V Server 2019`;
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- 从云硬盘启动:`是 - 创建云硬盘`;
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@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH.Server*'
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```
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返回`State: Not Present`,说明没安装,需要手动安装。
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能否通过`Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0`自动安装捏?不行😋
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因为这个实例和我们手上的设备一样,连校园网之后需要到[its.pku.edu.cn](its.pku.edu.cn)上面登录,才能访问外网。而这个系统连Internet Explorer都没有(甚至因此用不了`curl`……),自然无法登录。
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因为这个实例和我们手上的设备一样,连校园网之后需要到[its.pku.edu.cn](https://its.pku.edu.cn/)上面登录,才能访问外网。而这个系统连Internet Explorer都没有(甚至因此用不了`curl`……),自然无法登录。
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没有外网连接,没有`sshd`(不能`scp`),是不是没法传输文件捏……并非如此。这个服务器有`10.0.0.0/8`地址,可以访问内网用户。
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在我的联网Mac上访问[https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases),下载预编译版的[OpenSSH-Win64.zip](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/download/10.0.0.0p2-Preview/OpenSSH-Win64.zip)(注意时效性)到我的`~/Downloads`目录,然后打开终端:
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```zsh
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@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ python3 -m http.server 8000
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```
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建立了一个简易文件服务器。
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在实例上:(复制时注意通配符)
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在实例上:(复制时注意占位符)
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```powershell
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Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://<我的内网IP地址>:8000/OpenSSH-Win64.zip" -OutFile "C:\OpenSSH-Win64.zip"
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Expand-Archive C:\OpenSSH-Win64.zip C:\
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@@ -179,13 +180,13 @@ Mac上输入:
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```zsh
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519
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```
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第一次回车出现`Enter file in which to save the key`,设置一个易于辨识的名字(如`Windows-server`)。后面两个直接回车就行。
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第一次回车出现`Enter file in which to save the key`,设置一个易于辨识的名字(如`Windows_server`)。后面两个直接回车就行。
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不像Linux服务器,在客户机上通过`ssh-copy-id`发送公钥到服务器,Windows服务器是需要在服务器上执行命令的。
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先获取文本形式的公钥:Mac上执行:
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```zsh
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cat ~/.ssh/Windows-server.pub
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cat ~/.ssh/Windows_server.pub
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```
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复制得到`<公钥文本>`之后,在服务器上输入:(复制时注意通配符)
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复制得到`<公钥文本>`之后,在服务器上输入:(复制时注意占位符)
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```powershell
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Add-Content -Force -Path "$env:ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys" -Value <公钥文本>
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Restart-Service sshd
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@@ -202,4 +203,4 @@ Host Windows
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UseKeychain yes
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```
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由于命令不是POSIX标准,而是冗长的PowerShell格式,很多macOS/Linux下的实用工具也不适配Windows,也由于这个系统无法运行常规的GUI程序(缺少动态链接库),我没有再继续使用,到此删除了实例。
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由于命令不是POSIX标准,而是冗长的PowerShell格式,很多macOS/Linux下的实用工具(如htop)也不适配Windows,也由于这个系统无法运行常规的GUI程序(缺少大量动态链接库),其做虚拟机宿主的主要功能也不符合我的使用场景,我没有再继续使用,到此删除了实例。
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@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
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---
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title: "你的服务器很好,现在是我的啦。"
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description: "如何把你的数算课公共服务器“占为己有”(仅供娱乐)"
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date: 2026-05-28T10:18:38+08:00
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image:
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math:
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license:
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hidden: true
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slug: "00J"
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---
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### 阅前须知
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请自觉维护公共资源的可用性,不要大规模和他人传播此用法,不要通过此方法在服务器上运行多核重负载,更不要尝试fork炸弹。
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### 背景
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2026年春季学期,我加入了谢正茂老师的“数据结构与算法(B)”课程。
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这个课程有一个[课程主页](https://dsa2026.zhengmao.ltd/README.md),在上面我发现老师贴心地为我们提供了[公用JupyterHub](https://jupyter.zhengmao.ltd/)以供我们学习课程。老师在上面发布每节课的讲义`.md`文件,上课时也直接借助JupyterHub授课。
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JupyterHub界面,左上角`File`-`New`-`Terminal`,即可打开一个Bash样式的终端窗口。
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这让我很意外。因为这意味着我可以直接登录后端服务器。
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### 查成分
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```bash
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cat /etc/redhat-release
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cat /etc/os-release
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uname -r
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uname -a
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lscpu
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free -h
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df -h
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```
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分别返回
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```
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Fedora release 41 (Forty One)
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```
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```
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NAME="Fedora Linux"
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VERSION="41 (Cloud Edition)"
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RELEASE_TYPE=stable
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ID=fedora
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VERSION_ID=41
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VERSION_CODENAME=""
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PLATFORM_ID="platform:f41"
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PRETTY_NAME="Fedora Linux 41 (Cloud Edition)"
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ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"
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LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
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CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:41"
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HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
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DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f41/"
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SUPPORT_URL="https://ask.fedoraproject.org/"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
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REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
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REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=41
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REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
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REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=41
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SUPPORT_END=2025-12-15
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VARIANT="Cloud Edition"
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VARIANT_ID=cloud
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```
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```
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6.16.7-100.fc41.x86_64
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```
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```
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Linux nanjing.instance.cloud.lcpu.dev 6.16.7-100.fc41.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu Sep 11 16:41:15 UTC 2025 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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```
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```
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Architecture: x86_64
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CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
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Address sizes: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
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Byte Order: Little Endian
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CPU(s): 16
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On-line CPU(s) list: 0-15
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Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD
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Model name: AMD EPYC 7773X 64-Core Processor
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CPU family: 25
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Model: 1
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Thread(s) per core: 1
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Core(s) per socket: 1
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Socket(s): 16
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Stepping: 2
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BogoMIPS: 4391.74
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Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext
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fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm rep_good nopl cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1
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sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_lega
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cy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw perfctr_core ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp vmmcall fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2
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smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr wbn
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oinvd arat npt lbrv nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload vgif umip pk
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u ospke vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm arch_capabilities
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Virtualization features:
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Virtualization: AMD-V
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Hypervisor vendor: KVM
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Virtualization type: full
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Caches (sum of all):
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L1d: 1 MiB (16 instances)
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L1i: 1 MiB (16 instances)
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L2: 8 MiB (16 instances)
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L3: 256 MiB (16 instances)
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NUMA:
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NUMA node(s): 1
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NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15
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Vulnerabilities:
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Gather data sampling: Not affected
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Ghostwrite: Not affected
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Indirect target selection: Not affected
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Itlb multihit: Not affected
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L1tf: Not affected
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Mds: Not affected
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Meltdown: Not affected
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Mmio stale data: Not affected
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Old microcode: Not affected
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Reg file data sampling: Not affected
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Retbleed: Not affected
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Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
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Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
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Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
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Spectre v2: Mitigation; Retpolines; IBPB conditional; IBRS_FW; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not a
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ffected
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Srbds: Not affected
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Tsa: Vulnerable: No microcode
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Tsx async abort: Not affected
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Vmscape: Not affected
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```
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 15Gi 2.0Gi 12Gi 5.1Mi 1.2Gi 13Gi
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Swap: 8.0Gi 0B 8.0Gi
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```
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```
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda4 29G 5.5G 23G 20% /
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devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
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tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
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efivarfs 256K 17K 235K 7% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
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tmpfs 3.2G 836K 3.2G 1% /run
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-network-generator.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-udev-load-credentials.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-sysctl.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
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/dev/sda4 29G 5.5G 23G 20% /home
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/dev/sda4 29G 5.5G 23G 20% /var
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tmpfs 7.8G 424K 7.8G 1% /tmp
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-vconsole-setup.service
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/dev/sda3 966M 159M 742M 18% /boot
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/dev/sda2 100M 18M 83M 18% /boot/efi
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/serial-getty@ttyS0.service
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tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service
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```
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很明显啦,这是一个来自LCPU的Fedora 41系统的Linux服务器(而且是“Cloud Edition”,这很可能意味着只有命令行环境,而没有桌面环境),运行在CLab的一个南京节点上。
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配置是基于AMD EPYC 7773X的16个vCPU,以及16GiB内存,根目录有约29GiB的存储空间。这和CLab官网的`labs_and_courses`-`l8`实例配置相吻合(一般用户可没有这么多配额捏)。
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### SSH连接
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这么好的服务器,当然要试试能不能SSH进来啦。首先可以肯定的是,`sshd`服务一定是有的(不然咋管理云服务器捏)。检查一下:
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```bash
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systemctl status sshd
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```
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返回:
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```
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● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
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Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
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└─10-timeout-abort.conf, 50-keep-warm.conf
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Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-05-28 01:31:57 CST; 10h ago
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Invocation: 776d2e3a056b4249bf701cb7353af275
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Docs: man:sshd(8)
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man:sshd_config(5)
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Main PID: 1181 (sshd)
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Tasks: 1 (limit: 19053)
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Memory: 6.3M (peak: 9.6M)
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CPU: 140ms
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CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
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└─1181 "sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups"
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Warning: some journal files were not opened due to insufficient permissions.
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```
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没问题的话,那就直接查IP😋
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```bash
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ip addr show
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```
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返回:
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```
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether fa:16:3e:d0:7e:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 10.129.83.107/22 brd 10.129.83.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp3s0
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valid_lft 50260sec preferred_lft 50260sec
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inet6 2001:da8:201:2782:f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6/64 scope global dynamic noprefixroute
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valid_lft 2591999sec preferred_lft 604799sec
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inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6/64 scope link noprefixroute
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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```
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这样我们就得到了IPv4和IPv6地址:分别是`10.129.83.107`和`2001:da8:201:2782:f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6`。
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直接SSH:在Mac上执行:(注意占位符)
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```zsh
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ssh <我的用户名>@2001:da8:201:2782:f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6
|
||||
```
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||||
意外地没有报错(22端口竟然没有访问IP限制……),输入我的用户密码,就可以轻松地连上啦。
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||||
### 设置密钥登录和VSCode Remote SSH
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||||
在Mac上输入:
|
||||
```zsh
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519
|
||||
```
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||||
直接按3次回车,会生成私钥文件`~/.ssh/id_ed25519`和公钥文件`~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`。
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接下来,在Mac上输入:(注意占位符)
|
||||
```zsh
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||||
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub <我的用户名>@2001:da8:201:2782:f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6
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||||
```
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根据提示输入一次我的密码,公钥就上传好啦。
|
||||
在Mac的`~/.ssh/config`上添加:
|
||||
```
|
||||
Host EPYC
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||||
HostName 2001:da8:201:2782:f816:3eff:fed0:7eb6
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||||
Port 22
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||||
User chenyichen
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||||
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
|
||||
AddKeysToAgent yes
|
||||
UseKeychain yes
|
||||
```
|
||||
在VSCode的“远程资源管理器”就会出现“EPYC”,连接。
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||||
连接完成之后,这个服务器就可以用作你的远程工作区啦。不过安装VSCode扩展前,可以设置`"remote.downloadExtensionsLocally": true`,以提升安装速度。(这个服务器访问GitHub好慢诶……我也开不了代理)
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||||
### 安装命令行工具,进行C++开发
|
||||
服务器上默认有`python`指令(那当然啦,JupyterHub咋不用Python……),但Clang编译器等都没有。
|
||||
Fedora 41系统使用的包管理器是DNF。常用指令:
|
||||
- 安装软件:`sudo dnf install <包名>`
|
||||
- 更新软件:`sudo dnf update` `sudo dnf upgrade`
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||||
- 卸载软件:`sudo dnf remove <包名>`
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||||
- 清理缓存:`sudo dnf clean all`
|
||||
不幸的是,其所有命令都需要`sudo`执行,而:
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||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo whoami
|
||||
```
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||||
返回
|
||||
```
|
||||
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
|
||||
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
|
||||
|
||||
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
|
||||
#2) Think before you type.
|
||||
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
|
||||
|
||||
For security reasons, the password you type will not be visible.
|
||||
|
||||
[sudo] password for <我的用户名>:
|
||||
```
|
||||
输入密码后,返回:
|
||||
```
|
||||
<我的用户名> is not in the sudoers file.
|
||||
```
|
||||
我并没有`sudo`权限,也就无法使用DNF包管理器。
|
||||
幸运的是,我们有一个用户态包管理器:Miniconda。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -L https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -o ~/Miniconda3.sh
|
||||
bash ~/Miniconda3.sh -b -p ~/miniconda3
|
||||
~/miniconda3/bin/conda init bash
|
||||
source ~/.bashrc
|
||||
conda tos accept --override-channels --channel https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
|
||||
conda tos accept --override-channels --channel https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r
|
||||
conda config --add channels conda-forge
|
||||
conda config --set channel_priority strict
|
||||
```
|
||||
然后就可以尽情安装软件啦。(conda-forge包生态还挺丰富的捏)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
conda install git htop clang=21 clangxx=21 gcc gxx llvm libcxx-devel=21
|
||||
```
|
||||
(注意`libcxx-devel`是使用Clang编译器时必须额外安装的,顺便会自动安装意`libcxx-headers`,否则Clang会因为找不到libc++头文件而无法使用。这和macOS的Homebrew不一样。)
|
||||
编译C++文件时,指令需加几个参数:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
clang++ -stdlib=libc++ -L$HOME/miniconda3/lib -Wl,-rpath,$HOME/miniconda3/lib cpp1.cpp -o program.out
|
||||
```
|
||||
因为libc++是安装到用户态的,头文件和动态链接库都不在默认查找路径,需要显式指定。
|
||||
### 提供Web服务
|
||||
我打算把这个服务器用作Uptime Kuma监控节点,检测我自己的服务器的运行状态。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
conda install nodejs nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
因为服务器上不去GitHub,在本地有代理的Mac上执行:
|
||||
```zsh
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma.git
|
||||
wget -c https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/releases/download/2.3.2/dist.tar.gz
|
||||
```
|
||||
把下载的`dist.tar.gz`放在`uptime-kuma`文件夹下,再把整个文件夹`scp`到服务器上,再在服务器上执行:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd uptime-kuma
|
||||
npm run setup
|
||||
```
|
||||
显示`Downloading dist https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/releases/download/2.3.2/dist.tar.gz`时按Control+C取消,然后:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
tar -xzf dist.tar.gz
|
||||
node server/server.js
|
||||
```
|
||||
就可以成功启动Uptime Kuma啦。通过`10.129.83.107:3001`访问,并进行管理员初次设置。
|
||||
在我的域名控制台上把我的域名解析到这个地址后,需要通过Nginx反向代理,才能通过域名访问。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd ~/miniconda3/etc/nginx
|
||||
mkdir -p sites.d
|
||||
```
|
||||
随后在`~/miniconda3/etc/nginx/sites.d/sucrose_proxy.conf`里面设置反向代理配置,在`~/miniconda3/etc/nginx/nginx.conf`设置SSL证书。
|
||||
注意:`~/miniconda3/etc/nginx/nginx.conf`里面默认的80和443端口已经被JupyterHub占用啦……我们可以改成其他端口。
|
||||
再启动Nginx:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
就好啦。
|
||||
(注意,conda安装的软件并不支持注册为系统Daemon,都是以用户身份运行在Shell窗口中,关闭Shell进程即会终止。可以配合`nohup`命令使用。)
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
很好玩捏。但需要注意:不要影响公共资源的可用性,运行重负载/大量用户部署服务可能会导致JupyterHub变卡,影响同学们的正常学习。因此不建议依赖此方法。
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user